HISTORY OF COMPUTERS

Notes by DAVID BORNSTEIN

2000 BC-- ABACUS
1640 AD-- PASCAL NUMERICAL WHEEL CALCULATOR
1820 AD--BABBAGE "DIFFERENCE ENGINE"
"ANALYTICAL ENGINE"
1800'S -- BOOLEEN LOGIC (IF, THEN)
1890 --CENSUS
HERMAN HOLLERITH --PUNCH CARDS
COMPANY MERGED WITH I.B.M. (1924)
1935 --SOCIAL SECURITY LEGISLATION
1940'S -- WW II COLOSSUS --ENGLAND --1943
MARK I --1944

FIRST GENERATION: 1. MACHINE LOGIC
2. BINARY LOGIC
3. ONE PROGRAM AT A TIME

1940'S -- VON NEUMANN-- TEMPORARY STORAGE OF DATA
1946 -- ENIAC -- PROGRAMMED BY WIRES
1950 -- UNIVAC I
1952 -- GENERAL ELECTRIC BUYS COMPUTER (MAINFRAME)

SECOND GENERATION: 1. TRANSISTOR DEVELOPED (1955)
2. ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE DEVELOPED
3. BATCH PROCESSING

THIRD GENERATION: (LATE 1950'S)
1. INTEGRATED CIRCUIT-- 100'S OF TRANSISTORS
2. HIGHER LEVEL LANGUAGES
A. FORTRAN
B. BASIC
3. MULTI-TASKING
4. MAINFRAME: I.B.M. #360 (1964)

FOURTH GENERATION: 1. 4th GL LANGUAGES

1968 -- HYAT HOF: MICROPROCESSOR CHIP
1971 -- INTEL: 4004 & 8008
1974 -- MOTOROLA AND INTEL CHIP FOR COMPUTER KITS
1976 -- APPLE: STEVE WOZNIAK & STEVE JOBS
1977 -- APPLE II, COMMODORE PET, TANDY MODEL I
1981 -- IBM PC JR.

FIFTH GENERATION: 1. SUPERCONDUCTORS
2. FIBER OPTICS
3. FIBER OPTICS NETWORKS
4. PARALLEL PROCESSOR
5. INTERNATIONAL ISSUES
6. VIRTUAL REALITY

DATABASE:

* A LIST (OF ADDRESSES)
* A COLLECTION OF RECORDS

RECORDS: COLLECTION OF FIELDS
FIELDS: LOCATION OF STORED DATA (VALUES)

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